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| Hormones | Causes | disorder/disease | Symptoms |
|
Growth hormone (hormone of anterior pituitary gland) |
Deficiency in children | Drawfism | Stops growth of long bone
Prematuration of body Dwarf appearance |
| Over secretion in teen age | Gigantism | Elongation of long bones
Results in giants appearance |
|
| Over secretion in adults after adolescence | Acromegaly | Enlargement of body parts
Gorilla like appearance |
|
| Vasopressin or ADH (hormone of posterior pituitary gland) |
Deficiency of ADH |
Diabetes insipidus |
Large quantity of hypotonic urine
No glucose in urine |
|
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine) |
Deficiency in children | Cretinism | Potbellied, pigeon chested children with physical and mental retardation
Growth retardation
|
| Deficiency in adults | Myxedema | Puffiness of skin; mental retardation,
Low body temperature, low blood pressure, low BMR |
|
|
Deficiency of iodine in diet results in deficiency of thyroxine |
Simple goiter |
Swelling in thyroid gland results in swelling of neck region
Low BMR, low Blood pressure, low heart rate Fatigue, sluggishness
|
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|
Over secretion of thyroid hormone |
Exophthalmic goiter or Grave's disease |
Goiter
Bulging of eyes Increased BMR Increase Blood pressure and heart rate Restlessness and nervousness |
|
|
Parathormone (hormone of parathyroid gland) |
Deficiency |
Parathyroid tetany |
Muscle spasms Sustained contraction of muscles may lead to death
|
| Over secretion | Osteoporosis | Decalcification of bones
Bones become soft and porous |
|
|
Cortisol (Hormones of adrenal cortex) |
Deficiency of both gluco and mineralocorticoids |
Addison's disease |
Bronze color pigmentation of skin Low Na+ and high K+ level in blood plasma Decrease immunity
|
| Over secretion of cortisol | Cushing's syndrome | Abnormal obesity
High Na+ and low K+ in blood plasma |
|
| Over secretion of aldosterone | Aldosteronism | High Na+ and Low K+ in blood
High blood pressure, increase blood volume |
|
| Over secretion of sex corticoids | Adrenal virilism | Male type secondary sexual characters such as beard, moustaches and hoarse voice in female | |
|
Insulin (hormone of pancreas) |
Deficiency |
Diabetes mellitus |
Increased blood sugar level Excretion of glucose in urine Increase urine volume Increase thirst
|
| Testosterone (hormone secreted by gonad) | Deficiency or failure of secretion | Eunuchoidism | Underdevelopment of secondary sexual characters in male |
